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In the case of biphenotypic leukaemia/lymphoma, lineage confused cells may combine the best out of two worlds, such as gain of growth factor autonomy by assimilating lineage divergent lymphoid/myeloid signalling pathways and growth factor sources, or/and by enhancing resistance to stress and apoptosis (Ding & Morrison, 2013; Greenbaum et al, 2013; Lamprecht et al, 2010; Tagoh et al, 2006).
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The morphological features of dimorphic cells may be confused with cells of other origins if the features of dimorphic DCIS are not recognized.
Published literature on Oct-4 in somatic stem cells has confused stem cell researchers [ 46– 48] because of the presence of several pseudogenes and alternatively spliced transcripts [ 46, 49].
The primary case made by the authors for the introduction of the new term (autosis) is that the term 'autophagic cell death' has become controversial and has sometimes been confused with cells dying with features of autophagy.
All reagents were carefully filtered to remove extraneous particles that could be confused with cells.
Some raw images have small spots of high intensity, which can be confused with cells in later steps of the process (Figure 3C and Figure 4B).
If the positive rate in a study is rather high, the possibility that reactive mesothelial cells were confused with malignant cells must be considered.
It has been reported that at H2O2 concentrations of 250 400 µM cells enter a "permanently growth-arrested state", sometimes confused with cell death in toxicity studies, while at higher concentrations (0.5 1.0 mM) they will enter the apoptotic pathway [41].
Due to this semi-coincidence, senescence is confused with cell cycle arrest, or even more misleadingly, with growth inhibition.
In the case of Pandemrix, scientists think that in rare cases the jab triggered a reaction in which the body's immune cells confused the H1N1 proteins in the vaccine with orexin cells in the brain, causing them to be attacked and destroyed.
Unfortunately, complete loss of epithelial characteristics from a carcinoma cell would be difficult to detect in human cancers, as these cells would no longer morphologically or molecularly appear epithelial and may be confused with stromal cells.
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