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We used a matched pair sampling design to control for confounding variance.
All reactions were run in duplicate to reduce confounding variance [36].
Then we used the model, with confounding variance equal to estimated environmental noise,, and genetic variance,, equal to the estimated genetic variance.
In doing so, environmental managers would avoid confounding variance potentially due to population-specific inherent susceptibility, or alternatively, resistance to disease, and that which is truly symptomatic of exposure to contaminants.
powerNest enables the researcher to minimise the total confounding variance and maximise prospective power for a specified maximum cost for the large study.
First, Tuladhar et al., [ 2013] selected right and left, supratentorial and infratentorial stroke patients (four brainstem stroke patients), which resulted in a more heterogeneous sample with a lot of confounding variance.
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There are three potential sources of confounding variation that could inflate our estimate of the additive genetic variance.
This confounded explained variance is getting worse in the case that both Pedigree and SNPs are in one model (PED + SNP model) which is shown in higher confidence intervals of explained variance by pedigree.
In the Drosophila study [5], different traits had different mutational variances, confounding any comparison of robustness between traits [7].
Family‐based designs require specialized analytic methods but they have distinct advantages: They are robust to confounding and variance inflation, which can arise in standard designs in the presence of population substructure; they test for both linkage and association; and they offer a natural solution to the multiple comparison problem.
In general, these large-plot trials (8 × 8 trees) have a low power for detecting seedlot differences, due to the large amount of site variance typically confounding genetic differences (Carson et al. [1999a]).
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