This issue is of particular importance for ecologists, because if the power of reverse genetics is to be realized for field studies, where large sample sizes can be onerous, it is important to determine the effort that is required to evaluate the possibility that side-effects of the transformation process confound the performance analysis of a gene of interest.
One explanation for the weak correlations in these studies may be the problem of compensability: multi-item or summary measures do not identify which functions are most limited, the mean result might compensate for isolated limitations, and good performance on some measures might confound the association between other performance measures and their corresponding self-reported functions.
For microarray samples as for phytohormone analysis, additional plant pairs were established so that the sampling did not confound the measures of plant performance.
Family and economic issues may further confound the relationship between ABIM-CE performance and elective exposures.
When the Internet-based CET (IB-CET) was introduced in 2007, the test developer was concerned with the possible influence of test mode on test takers' performances, which might confound the test construct.
This was to avoid confounding test takers' performance with the irrelevant difficulty of speed of working.
Science academic standards soon became performance-based (Krajcik, McNeill, Reiser, 2008), which further confounded the problem.
Despite the uncontrolled diet and these confounds, the control performance in outpatient conditions was comparable to the in-hospital performance of our standard control-to-range algorithm (13), with average glucose of 8.3 (inpatient) vs. 8.9 (outpatient) mmol/L and LBGI of 0.73 (inpatient) vs. 0.64 (outpatient).
There are possible confounding factors influencing the performance of the tests.
Results of the study show that CNP is an important confounding factor influencing the performance of motor imagery based BCI based on ERD.
