This fact potentially confounds point comparisons of resistance rates since a marked increase in resistance can result from testing a preponderance of upper respiratory isolates, rather than reflecting a true increase in the burden of resistant pneumococci.
Different code distributions for the five ADE categories of Germany's ICD-10-GM and England's ICD-10 and the USA's ICD-9-CM suggest classification differences as a possible reason for confounding, pointing out the value of explicitly addressing ADEs in the development of ICD-11.
In addition, construction of a phylogenetic tree of cancer subclones and their evolution allows eliminating confounding data-points generated by genetic instability and by admixture of cancer subclones which represent evolutionary dead ends.
The scoring instrument consisted of four main domains of quality assessment adding up to a total of 100 points: selection of participants (40 points), measurement of exposure (HPV) and outcome (OSCC; 40 points), adjustment for confounding factors (15 points) and data analysis (5 points).
Endearing, as it makes for great comedy, and confounding to the point where it can leave gentiles shaking their heads.
Mr. Shore said he was particularly inspired by a series of paintings that Hopper did of rooftops in Mexico in the 1940s, which gave him a model for avoiding or confounding a single point of perspective.
High point: Confounding those who thought she was doomed to play, as she put it, "old scrubs, chavs or slappers" by rising to the challenge of playing what is known as the female Hamlet, Hedda Gabler.
After adjustment for confounding factors, the point estimate for the effectiveness of 23 valent polysaccharide vaccine among HIV-infected adults against all invasive pneumococcal infection was 18%9595% CI: <0 to 62%).
In analyses with mortality as an end point, confounding by poor health that precedes death and affects lifestyle habits (for example, resulting in weight loss, reduced alcohol consumption, and physical inactivity) is of particular concern.
The score addressed selection bias (up to 42 points), misclassification bias (up to 42 points), and confounding bias (up to 21 points).
