Indeed, the quantification of such a possible benefit is methodologically challenging, because it requires access to valid information on relevant confounding factors and opportunities for complete long-term follow-up of large cohorts of patients.
He has a record of missing opportunities to confound low expectations.
By that measure, Wednesday's dissonant speech was equal parts missed opportunity and confounding disappointment.
It was large and population-based with reasonably high response rates, thus reducing the possibility of selection bias while the data on demographic, lifestyle, and dietary, covariates would have reduced the opportunity for confounding in the analysis.
Because outcomes research builds on existing practice variations and analyses the natural ongoing experiment, there is ample opportunity for confounding bias to invalidate any inference made about practice patterns outcome associations [ 99].
While many earlier studies have treated possible ecological correlates of animal tool behaviour as inconvenient confounds, our study highlights opportunities for exciting future research in this area [ 2, 20, 28, 60].
Fewer studies include fathers which limits the interpretation of their results; inclusion of fathers provides a greater understanding of the genetic effects as the father-child relationship has less opportunity for confounding with environmental effects.
New York political figures have been treating Jimmy Carter's Administration as something resembling an enemy power, whose policies it is to their advantage to oppose and try to confound at every opportunity.
By Andy Logan The New Yorker, October 31, 1977 P. 134 New York political figures have been treating Jimmy Carter's Administration as something resembling an enemy power, whose policies it is to their advantage to oppose and try to confound at every opportunity.
DSs, by removing the influence of driving technique as a confounding factor, provided a valuable opportunity to achieve this goal.
