Sentence examples for confounding means from inspiring English sources

In the replication dataset, negative confounding means that the association with rs9277535 is significant after adjustment for other terms, even though the overall frequency of the minor allele is very similar in cases and controls (0.265 and 0.261 respectively).

Confounding means that the conditional correlation between two genes is also the effect of unobserved components in the system and possibly not a real biological feature that is shared by both genes.

This form of confounding means that patients who are prescribed a certain treatment may differ in prognostic factors from patients who are prescribed a different treatment or who do not receive any treatment.

Because the major source (and for most populations, the only source) of MeHg exposure is fish consumption and because all fish contain at least some PUFAs, this confounding means that studies of fish consumers will underestimate the underlying risk of MeHg and simultaneously underestimate the underlying benefit of PUFAs (generically represented in Figure 1).

Confounding meant that only a very limited number of parameters could be varied in time, so we examined the effect of varying infectiousness and kernel parameters separately.

We thus included the following regressors in order to control for temporal drifts and for run-specific mean activation levels: a linear-trend predictor, a 6-predictor Fourier basis for nonlinear trends (sines and cosines of up to 3 cycles per run) and a confound-mean predictor (Kriegeskorte et al. 2008).

One such design is the self-controlled case series [ 2, 3], which minimises confounding by means of its within-subject design, meaning that the patient is used as their own control [ 2, 3].

Odds ratios were adjusted for potential confounding by means of conditional logistic regression in the matched analyses and by means of unconditional logistic regression in the unmatched analyses.

We also assessed potential confounding by mean temperature and mean dew point over the gestational window of interest.

Our study addressed confounding by means of the following insights.

The confounding between means and variance on the latent (in this case, capability) scale is perfect, and there are technically an infinite number of possible solutions.