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24 At the same time, a more restrictive definition of comorbidities could misclassify comorbidities as complications, and therefore result in underestimation of the comorbidity burden, potentially leading to residual confounding if comorbidity is a confounder in the study.
Unfortunately, all these studies may have been subject to confounding if sicker participants were those who stopped attending earlier.
The core model was regarded as adequately controlled for confounding if the partial autocorrelation function plots for the residuals were less than 0.1 and were free from any systematic patterns.
(It would be confounding if they did).
The models also will include any relevant covariates to adjust for confounding, if warranted.
There may, therefore, be residual confounding if these factors are associated with COX2 inhibitor use.
Similar(25)
But he also said the United Nations inspectors could be confounded if, a week after the attack, the "worried well" presented vague symptoms but no solid evidence of chemical exposure.
The nature of fish monitoring surveys is such that particular locations may be surveyed at one time of day, and surveys designed to establish the degree of spatial variability in assemblages may be confounded if the order of sampling within treatments is not randomised with respect to time of day.
Even multiplex PCRs are limited to 20 30 candidate pathogens, and may be confounded if viral evolution results in mutations at the primer binding sites [2].
The association is transitive if the path is directed, and confounded if it is not.
The association may also be confounded if manifesting symptoms cause discontinuation of vitamin D supplementation.
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