Sentence examples for confounding group from inspiring English sources

The motivation for these strict selection criteria (in English and Chinese) was to minimize error variance from confounding group differences.

They become a statistic, a member of a confounding group, objectified.

Patients who are postoperative from repair of congenital heart defects may be a particularly confounding group because of abnormalities in the pulmonary blood flow in these children.

Confounding by group and effect measure modification by group act in the same direction on the individual and group levels, but have larger impact on the latter.

Bias magnification also suggests an approach to sensitivity analysis of ecologic bias from confounding by group and/or effect modification of the risk difference by group.

More precisely, the reduction in exposure variance caused by aggregation (loss of information) magnifies the individual-level bias due to confounding by group and/or effect modification of the risk difference by group.

Thus one cannot discount the possibility that the two training groups were not matched on interpretation bias prior to training, confounding subsequent group differences.

However, if exposure within groups is homogeneous, i.e., everyone within a group has the same exposure, M equals one and the amount of confounding by group is equal on the ecologic and individual levels.

Equation (10) tells us that the relative amount of confounding by group on the ecologic and individual level stems from the reduction of exposure variance caused by aggregation.

For example, we may be able to make educated guesses about the direction and possible amount of confounding by group on the individual level.

M is then always at least one, i.e., the amount of confounding by group on the ecologic level equals or exceeds the amount on the individual level (appendix 4).