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This paper notes that inclusion of observations with potentially confounding events materially affects results reported by the original authors.
Have we ever seen such a confluence of confounding events?
Three potentially confounding events occurred during the project.
The study is limited to a 4-year period because of confounding events in previous years.
The enrollment sequence effect observed in two separate trials suggests the need for analyses adjusted for confounding events.
A patient population free from confounding events would seem to provide the most suitable platform upon which to judge therapeutic effect.
Similar(46)
In contrast, Expected sequences show a predictable, but then confounded, event (i.e., dog retrieves ball, then different person returns it), and Explicit sequences depict the unexpected event (i.e., different person retrieves then returns ball).
These large differences are plausibly attributable to the Newsweek rankings themselves, as our methods addressed general market influences, differences in industry and firm characteristics, and confounding information events, as well as more technical issues like information anticipation, event date clustering, and cross-sectional dependence.
Using a sample of 15,206 observations from 22 European countries between 2000 and 2010, this study employs a control sample of voluntary adopters and applies a differences-in-differences design to control for confounding concurrent events.
Confounding by events associated with comorbidities is also a problem in the follow-up period.
All QT-related analyses were conducted for the intention to treat (ITT) population and the evaluable population, defined as subjects who completed all three ECG assessment periods without confounding adverse events coincident with prespecified ECG extraction time points in the primary ECG assessment window.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com