Contrast adaptation, as defined here, should not be confounded with "contrast normalization" or "contrast-gain control", which have different impacts on neuronal properties and which appear to be almost instantaneous [e. g., 30].
This is a beauty that confounds with contrasts, sparkling and balletic under Zimerman's fingers.
Again, this comparison marked a departure from the original Air Force Health Study design and was more likely to be confounded than contrasts between Ranch Hands and the original comparison subjects.
However, differences between speech and nonspeech signals with respect to particular acoustic properties and complexity can result in stimulus-driven effects that will be intricately confounded with contrasts between linguistic and nonlinguistic processes, as these may, or may not, engage top-down mechanisms in the same fashion.
Additionally, there is a possibility that an unobserved factor confounded the contrast in the 2006 08 follow-up survey between women who reported using the voucher to deliver at facility and similar pregnant women who did not use the voucher for delivery.
To avoid misleading and biased results, the studies were blocked by confound (e.g., age contrasts with no confounds, age contrasts with confounds favoring older adults) and analyzed separately.
First, the majority of previous confound-free age contrasts examined vigilance/monitoring and a comparatively small number of age contrasts examined prospective memory proper.
Imaging over four weeks showed the development of a confounding endogenous hypointense contrast evolution at later timepoints within the lesioned tissue.
10 Furthermore, the study cohort is large with more than 100 patients with LNMM, and we performed multivariable analyses to control for potential confounding factors in contrast to the majority of similar studies until now.
Further confounding this, in contrast to DNA, the stability of microbial fingerprints over time is unknown, so it is not possible to say whether such information may be linked to a specific individual for an indefinite period of time (interview 142 & 131).
