Sentence examples for confounding arises from inspiring English sources

However, the problem of additional confounding arises only insofar as factors add prediction beyond the variables already included in the model.

66 67 Confounding arises because, following randomisation to treatment arm, patients choose the manner in which they adhere to treatment and the level of adherence; if one patient adheres in a certain way and coincidentally suffers worse depression, confounding ensues.

Residual confounding arising from unmeasured covariates cannot be entirely excluded.

This might largely address residual confounding arising from the remaining imbalance in these included covariates.

Confounding arising from underlying cardiovascular diseases, therefore, would be most likely to attenuate our relative risk estimates towards the null.

To further assess possible residual confounding arising from a healthy-user effect, we retrieved information from the National Health Insurance Service Registry on influenza vaccination and markers for frailty and health awareness.

Thus, we cannot exclude that our results are affected by some residual confounding arising from differences in smoking prevalence and screening behaviour.

Limited ability to capture HIV-specific morbidity may result in residual confounding arising from unmeasured disease stage indicators, such as CD4 cell count.

For continuous outcomes, multiple linear regression modeling was used to adjust for potential confounding arising from baseline differences in prognostic variables between groups.

Nevertheless, although we controlled for many potential factors that were associated with study drug use and mortality and eliminated confounding of use and survival, it is impossible to exclude confounding arising from unmeasured factors or measurement error.

We hypothesised that cotreatment with azithromycin would improve mortality in pneumonia due to S pneumoniae and that this effect would be independent of confounding arising from failure to administer appropriate initial antibiotic therapy.