Second, because our analysis was retrospective, unreported factors may have confounded relationships between surgical bleeding consequences, LOS, and costs.
He examines the often confounding relationship between a songwriter and her tunes, between life and art, art and artifice.
However, some confounding relationships may be due to the differences in individual socio-demographics and residential environment.
Age also can confound relationships between disease and other putative risk factors and must be controlled during epidemiological study design and analysis, in order to avoid spurious causal inferences.
This is despite the fact that our study focussed in one vegetation type Afrotemperate forest [27], and in a limited geographic region, where we would not expect biogeographic factors to confound relationships [see 39].
Stratified analyses were conducted to explore potential confounding relationships.
We also included variables that were differentially distributed over groups and thus could confound relationships.
Poor performance of a WWTP could confound relationships to biological impacts.
Also, short time interval between cladogenetic events may hinder complete lineage sorting, confounding relationships within that time frame [ 36].
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was utilized to test for confounding relationships between demographic variables and the objective knowledge percentile scores.
PCBs also appear to act on a number of endogenous hormones, which in turn could mediate or confound relationships with diabetes.
