Exact(2)
One might argue that Einstein and McDaniel [4] and others who incorporated the ease of ongoing task confound into their designs aimed to equate functional difficulty of ongoing tasks for younger and older adults and that age declines under these "functionally equated" conditions reflect true age differences in prospective memory.
Taking this possible confound into account, we additionally reduced the search area for activations in the outcome phase (WOW1, WOnW1, LOL1 LOnL1) to the areas activated by the preceding anticipation phase (WA1, LA1).
Similar(58)
Catalytic distillation (CD) combines reaction and separation into a single unit, but the kinetics and mass transfer behaviour are confounded into a complex domain.
To investigate whether stability or changes in smoking predict disability pension (DP) due to low back diagnoses (LBD) and musculoskeletal diagnoses (MSD) after taking familial confounding into account using a co-twin design.
This raises two significant questions for the field: to what extent have previous multivoxel discriminations in the literature been driven by RT differences, and by what methods should future studies take RT and other confounds into account?
Women who never breastfed may provide a more appropriate comparison group; however, women who choose not to breastfeed their children may have an overall less healthy lifestyle and this may introduce bias (confounding) into the results of the association between insufficient milk supply and breast cancer.
The method takes unmeasured confounding into account to ensure that mortality from smoking is not overestimated.
Additionally, taking confounding into account, we decided to perform a subgroup analysis of adjusted data reported on 30-day mortality.
These findings are consistent with previous research [ 14] that, until now, has not taken these potential confounds into account.
Given that variations in task design can introduce confounds into such pursuits, researchers work to limit any effort to the inclusion of studies using highly similar tasks.
Any underestimation of the comorbidity burden, for example, by using restrictive definitions of comorbidity, may also introduce residual confounding into a research study.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com