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Although, the conforming as well as non-conforming buildings were designed for identical base shear coefficients, the non-conforming buildings exhibit a significantly reduced collapse capacity as compared to the conforming buildings.
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An ensemble of buildings is collated which represents (i) actual Pakistan reinforced concrete design, (ii) general non-seismic and (iii) code-conforming buildings with different levels of detailing.
Inside, the renovations have been less gentle, conforming to building codes necessary for installing restaurant kitchens and public rooms.
Even the classic "mother-daughter" arrangement -- a single-family home with an apartment added for a parent -- is increasingly likely to be illegal, as the cost of building such an apartment to conform to building and zoning codes can run up to $100,000.
Buildings non-conforming to the SCWB design criterion exclusively attract column failure mechanism, whereas buildings conforming to the SCWB design criterion show beam failure mechanism.
This performance improves significantly for buildings conforming to the SCWB criterion.
Existing RC buildings conforming to relatively older regulations and codes may lack in seismic resistance.
Nevertheless, the group performance of the buildings conforming to the SCWB criterion is found out to be satisfactory.
For buildings conforming to the SCWB criterion, the beam failure is observed at the levels of first, second, and third floors.
Although yielding of columns cannot be avoided, even for buildings conforming to a SCWB ratio of 1.4, the observed collapse mechanism changes to a beam failure mechanism.
The average collapse probability for buildings non-conforming to the SCWB design criterion is found out to be 16%, which reduces to 6% for buildings conforming to the SCWB design criterion.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com