Instead, any investments in development in north-western Kenya need to be embedded into a framework of conflict mitigation which offers incentives for both conflict parties to simultaneously leave the violent conflict path and to invest resources into cooperation.
While some see these values as compatible and mutually supporting, others argue that, especially in the immediate wake of conflict, parties must often choose between reconciliation and justice.
There are numerous existing legal vehicles through which stakeholders can encourage conflict parties to commit to reducing civilian vulnerability, e.g. unilateral declarations or special agreements (Mack and Pejic 2008; Lacroix et al. 2011; Jong 2015).
This paper aims to provide criteria that will guide protection actors and can be adopted in contracts with conflict parties to reduce civilian vulnerability to forced displacement and HLP pillage.
Logically, therefore, if conflict parties continue to control an area and do not facilitate return, profit from, or occupy the HLP of the civilians, then the property has been illegally appropriated, i.e. pillaged.
"The M23's defeat… creates the political space to include all the conflict elements [economic motives especially] into a fulsome process of diplomatic negotiation between the DR Congo and its eastern neighbours and other conflict parties," he said.
A humanitarian might be consulted to explain, what would happen if conflict parties engage in crimes against humanity, such as the widespread and systematic illegal appropriation of civilian property through forced displacement, e.g. collapse of the economy, failure of agricultural production, mass displacement, famine, and humanitarian crisis.
After the disaster, tensions between conflict parties grew and eventually the civil war broke out again, costing the lives of nearly 3,000 people in a year alone [ 1].
Lenin promised that each conflicting party would retain control of the portion of the Russian empire that it held at that moment.
