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Interestingly, the fitness effect on females was not always negative after a between-strain cross, a result which was suggested to reveal the conflict load placed on females by more local males.
These results suggest that the promiscuous mating system normally found in this species has created a conflict load that can be relieved quickly in response to enforced monogamy.
In addition to conflict load, manipulative traits can impose further costs, termed harm, and these can be partly distinguished from conflict load by the fact that harm frequently seems to negatively impact on the fitness of the manipulating and the manipulated sex [ 13].
There are a number of ways to be manipulative, and all involve some cost to the manipulated party as they are moved away from their reproductive optima [ 13, 15], a situation recently termed conflict load [ 13].
Furthermore, Diaz et al. [ 22] demonstrated that females suffer reduced survival when faced with large numbers of males, which is consistent with the existence of a conflict load in this species.
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# Except if conflicting loadings /not loading in the original domain (italic) Table 5 (see Additional file) shows a tendency that the scale explains an increasing percentage of the total variance with increasing age, although the numbers are in the same ballpark (ranging from 46% to 56%).
1 4 However, research in the past 20 years among police officers has shown that organisational stressors such as conflicts, work load and lack of support are more likely to be adverse sources of stress than operational stressors.
Furthermore, a freight forwarder in practice wants to optimize the space utilization in containers from different shippers, while avoiding the mixing of cargoes (boxes) from different customers to reduce the conflicts of loading and unloading goods in different ports.
The conflict between Mobility Load Balancing and MRO in handover parameters adjusting is solved in [7].
Given the lack of available data, we are unable to quantify the exact directly or indirectly conflict-related patient load.
The source of the stress may be anything that has the ability to threaten one's bio-psycho-social homeostasis (e.g. work load, conflicts, life events, traumatic experiences, psychosocial difficulties, grief, somatic disease, or psychiatric disorder).
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