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Serotyping was performed on isolates using the standard tests used locally by the submitting lab (using either commercial or locally produced, polyclonal and monoclonal typing antisera), and the classical serotypes obtained were checked, and in most cases confirmed, using a molecular serotyping schema (Sun et al., 2011).
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The molecular mass of the peptides was confirmed using a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometer (MALDI II; Kratos Analytical, Inc., Spring Valley, NY, USA).
The molecular weights of PCR-amplified products were calculated and confirmed using a gel documentation system.
Most recently, Pastor-Valle et al. confirmed, using molecular tools, an imported case of infestation by Diplogonoporus balaenopterae and 3 imported cases of diphyllobothriosis caused by D. pacificum (5 ), a tapeworm endemic to the Pacific coast of South America (1, 4 ).
Recently, however, conclusive evidence for hybridization between the introduced and the more distantly related Gulf Coast lineage has been confirmed using different molecular markers (Lambertini et al. 2012 a ) and that suggests that detection of interbreeding between the native and introduced lineages and native and Gulf Coast lineages is only a matter of time.
Clearly, the genomic constitution of both clones needs to be confirmed using additional molecular analysis.
Specimens positive for enteroviruses were further confirmed using standard molecular approaches that involved amplification and sequencing of the human enterovirus VP4/VP2 gene using primers described previously.
Because of some contamination of albumin from the adjacent platelet/fibrin fractions, we also confirmed using high molecular weight dialysis of [H]PbTx-3 that the tracer was associated with plasma components > 100 kDa molecular weight.
Visualization of bands was carried out with NBT (0.033% w/v) and BCIP (0.017% w/v) and the molecular mass was confirmed using prestained low molecular weight marker (BioRad).
Additionally, it is important to note that a good differentiation, whether intra or interspecies, is based on the results of the combination of phenotypic and genotypic methods since the phenotypic characteristics by themselves do not differentiate them but provide a hint towards the identification of a species later confirmed using molecular methods.
This would need to be confirmed using molecular approaches.
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