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Because it is indispensable for providing treatment of any kind, the diagnosis of cancer for each patient who was included in the study, from both sources of data, was confirmed either by aspiration of bone marrow in the cases of leukemia or by histopathological study of the tumors for the remaining cases of different cancers.
All subjects had HIV infection confirmed either as part of clinical care or as part of the study.
The opposite cannot be confirmed, either, as absence of evidence is not equal to evidence of absence.
A case of HEV infection was defined by the following criteria: an HEV RNA positive sample, confirmed either by presence of HEV IgM or IgG or HEV RNA in sequential samples.
A diagnosis of diabetes was based on self-reported physician diagnosis of diabetes confirmed either by self-reported use of hypoglycemic drugs or results from a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test.
This behaviour is confirmed either by the evolution of the Si/W atomic ratio of the as-deposited coatings, which increase with the N content, or the variation of the lattice parameters of the b.c.c.
The inferred relationship among organisms, as first defined by the use of 16S rRNA sequences, was later confirmed either by the utilization of many other conserved genes [ 2, 3] or even by alternative strategies to trace evolution with genetic data [ 4].
Infections in these birds were confirmed either by successful culturing of Avipoxvirus or positive PCR screening of lesion samples taken at the time of blood sample collection.
Other things can also cause brightness fluctuations, so all Kepler candidates must be confirmed either by other sorts of observations or more detailed statistical analysis of the Kepler data.
Q fever was confirmed either by serologic detection of a >4-fold increase in specific antibodies against C. burnetii phase II antigen by using an indirect immunofluorescence antibody assay or by a molecular method consisting of positive detection of C. burnetii DNA in blood using PCR.
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