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So HD-confirmation, too, sanctions the existence of confirmation relations that seem intuitively unsound (indeed, indefinitely many of them: as we know, other variations of \(h^*\) can be conceived at will).
Notably, the likelihoodist approach fits well with a long history in formal approaches to epistemology, in particular with confirmation theory (see Fitelson 2007), in which the probability theory is used to spell out confirmation relations between data and hypotheses.
Of course, this brings the underdetermination problem back, for now \ k\) can still be concocted ad hoc to have known evidence \ e\) following from \(h \wedge k\) and moreover \(P e\mid k)\lt 1\) is not prevented by TE anymore, thus potentially licencing arbitrary confirmation relations.
The above, widely known "paradoxes" then suggest that Hempel's analysis of confirmation is too liberal: it sanctions the existence of confirmation relations that are intuitively very unsound (see Earman and Salmon 1992, 54, and Sprenger 2011a, 243, for more on this).
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The problem, of course, is to specify the form of proper inferences, the form of an appropriate confirmation relation, and/or the structure of good reasons.
Public health authorities should take into account patient delays in seeking medical advise and laboratory confirmation in relation to maximum time to provide postexposure prophylaxis when deciding to install contact tracing measures.
In interpersonal relations, confirmation bias can be problematic because it may lead to forming inaccurate and biased impressions of others.
His confirmation would damage relations with European allies at a time when Washington was trying to repair transatlantic ties, they said.
ROC analysis was a suitable tool for confirmation of these relations.
2 Ultrasound is here used to explore the liver for both staging and confirmation of tumor relations.
The results provide the first laboratory confirmation of the relation between PVDC incineration temperature and PCDD/PCDF formation, and of the primary importance of high temperature, turbulence for mixing between air and combustion gas, and sufficient residence time, as governing factors for the minimization of PCDD/PCDF formation in municipal solid waste incinerators.
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