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The results indicated that brucite crystals grow on the walls of inferior pores of the confined zone and slightly on the surface of the MgO particles.
Confinement reduces the bond degradation of the steel reinforcement and limits the concrete damage within the confined zone leading to increased energy absorption and dissipation capacity of the structure.
The required confined zone in critical regions of columns and piers undergoing lateral sway during earthquakes is related to the plastic hinge length where inelastic deformation and damage develops.
Augmentation technique using guide vanes with attack angles (θ = 120°, 135°, and 150°) in flow direction are attached to the side walls to direct the flow toward the confined zone between the heated columns.
The difficulties of the experimental measurement and analysis of the crack initiation are discussed and analysed within this complex stress state where alternate shear stresses are present in a strong compression stress and in a confined zone environment.
Additionally, to maintain the confined zone; the same reinforcing zone 0.18 m2 (0.4 m × 0.45. length × width) per rock bolt was applied to maintain the thickness of the confine zone by reinforcing rock bolts.
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Strong inhibition with Mg and detrimental effects of Al on corrosion in confined zones was found.
In average, mass loss was 4-fold higher in confined zones simulating hem flanges.
Vertical flow is usually favored in marshes with flat topography, in coarse-grained sediments, in rippled sediments, or in confined zones such as creeks surrounded by banks.
After colliding, the moons probably broke up into numerous particles, which survived as narrow and optically dense rings only in strictly confined zones of maximum stability.
High-resolution imaging and SPT studies showed that TM proteins move freely only within confined zones between 30 and 700 nm in diameter [57,111].
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