Modern farming systems have a higher potential than traditional farming for pig-to-pig transmission of virus to occur, because of the confined operation of intensive pig farms, where crowding results in more frequent and prolonged contact with infected swine.
Italian forces quickly occupied the towns of Tripoli, Darnah (Derna), and Banghāzī (Benghazi), but unexpected resistance on the part of the Muslim population forced the Italian commander General Carlo Caneva to confine operations to the coastal areas.
Smaller confinement-based operations, smaller "family farms," and confined livestock operations that produce chickens, turkeys, or other animals are not included in our distance comparisons but may be included in reports of odor from livestock farms.
Confined feeding operations (CFOs) and concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) are large animal-feeding operations, typically containing more than 300 cattle, 600 swine or sheep, or 30,000 fowl.
Animals not bred for confined feeding operations, but to forage on hillsides.
Her book offers an indictment of confined feeding operations where thousands of steer are raised, and the way that beef cattle became commodities.
Some 450,000 of America's 1.3m livestock farms qualify as "confined feeding operations" (a poultry farm, for example, with more than 30,000 hens).
The oligarchic partners in TNK-BP sought for years to expand the venture outside of Russia and Ukraine, but BP had resisted, preferring that this company be confined to operations in the former Soviet territory.
The astonishing increase in the number and size of confined animal operations has been spawned largely by the very structure of American farm supports, which always has been skewed in a way that concentrates farming in fewer and fewer hands.
