Sentence examples for confined level from inspiring English sources
In dark condition, we have observed only one electron resonant peak which was associated to the resonant tunneling through the second confined level e2 in the QW.
In the conduction band, for sufficiently large laser field intensities, the first excited state is expelled from the QW, and there only remains a single confined level (the ground state one).
It was shown previously [8] that even when QDs are formed, a wetting layer is still present and changes the position of the first QW confined level (e1) to a new position below the GaAs conduction-band.
The atoms' intermixing is the reason for the electronic structure modification, leading to the confined level shifts and, consequently, a blueshift of the ground state transition energy for the sample with a thin GaInAsSb layer (used for hole confinement) with respect to the reference structure containing a GaInSb layer.
As mentioned earlier, the energy position of confined levels in the 2DHG and QW can be voltage controlled.
The hole resonant tunneling condition can be obtained by the alignment between the confined levels at the accumulation layer (2DHG) and QW.
Photoluminescence emission energies were derived by taking the energy difference between confined levels for electrons and heavy holes, reduced by 20 meV to take into consideration excitonic effects.
Proper operation of the QD-IBSC would require that no charge carriers are allowed to be extracted from the quantum dot confined levels or intermediate bands.
Under magnetic field, the confined levels splits into spin-up and spin-down Zeeman states and the optical recombination can occurs with well defined selection rules probing the spin polarization of carriers in the structure [10, 11].
We will compare the case in which there are two confined levels with the case in which only one level is bound, like in the conventional AlGaAs/AlAs/GaAs structures.
Under magnetic field, confined levels in the QW and contact layers split into spin-up and spin-down Zeeman states and the optical recombination can occur with well-defined selection rules giving information about the spin polarization of carriers in the structure.
