Sentence examples for confined elements from inspiring English sources
The results clearly show a significant improvement in the ultimate strain and residual (post-peak) strength of concrete elements actively confined with SMA compared to that of GFRP confined elements.
Confining elements surrounding the infill walls do not increase the lateral strength or displacement capacity of the system; however, they enhance the out-of-plane stability of the wall and the contact conditions between the wall and frame.
The compressive stress strain relationships of the SMA confined concrete elements are examined and compared with the behaviors of elements confined with conventional glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) jackets.
The strength of confined concrete elements rises directly proportionally, jointly with the increase in the reinforcement ratio.
The strengthening effectiveness as well as the behavior of PBO-FRCM confined concrete elements have been evaluated.
The seismic performance of reinforced masonry (RM) walls can be enhanced by integrating confined boundary elements at the end zones of the wall.
This paper presents results of research into CFRPs (Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers) and FRCM (Fibre Reinforced Cementitious Matrix) confined concrete elements exposed to high temperatures.
Over the span of a dozen or so years, many research studies have been dedicated to the learning of the behaviour of FRP confined concrete elements.
The most well-established analytical formulae for FRP-confined concrete members are summarised in the third section of the paper; their effectiveness when applied to confined masonry elements is investigated on the basis of the collected database.
The paper summarizes the current knowledge on PBO-FRCM (p-Phenylene Benzobis Oxazole Fibre Reinforced Cementitious Matrix) confined concrete elements that have been acquired on the basis of experimental investigation.
This last method was modified to account for the stiffness of the confining elements and the observed failure mechanism.
