Although the synchronization algorithm can tolerate changes in focus of the order of 50 μm in our particular optical configuration, the brightfield focus should ideally be maintained at a constant depth in the sample – especially when acquiring 3D datasets over several hundred μm – in order to maintain good synchronization.
We stress that this configuration exceeds the focusing properties of a classical microscope objective with a high numerical aperture as well as a microsphere illuminated by a plane wave [ 22, 26].
Considering the infinite conjugate configuration of the focusing lenses, the magnification of the instrument is given by [ 33] M = f 2 / f 1, (2 where f 1 = 6 mm is the focal length of the collimator, and f 2 is the effective focal length of the objective consisting of the two 3 mm lenses, calculated to be 2.6 mm.
Different mooring fender configuration designs are the focus.
Since the discovery of the DNA double-helix structure, chromosomal configuration has been the focus of intense research.
In this case it is even possible to work with experimental settings where there is no optical confinement along the vertical axis in our macro-tweezers configuration, e.g. if the focus separation of the two counter-propagating beams is very small or only a single beam is used.
In that configuration, the microsphere over-focuses the incoming light in a spot with subwavelength dimensions in both the transverse and longitudinal directions, creating high local intensities and overcoming the diffraction limit [ 27, 28].
Text S1 provides further detail on measures that we took to ensure the stability of the optical configuration, with minimal drift in the focus and minimal movement in the cells adhered to the glass.
The differences among these configurations are briefly explained, whereas the focus is set on the two most accurate model formulations given in the first two papers.
Hence, the design of nozzle for required area ratio A/A∗, realization of test section and the optimized configuration are focused in the present analysis.
