Until then, "I couldn't breach the source confidentiality with Pat Gray," even after Mr. Gray had died.
The differing state and federal protections for reporters make it very difficult for journalists to promise confidentiality with any certainty.
To give an example of prevalent attitudes, Balint dismissed the slippery problem of patient confidentiality with: "A patient may recognise himself in the description of his case.
"We are required by law to balance the need for patient confidentiality with the need to report unlawful terminations of pregnancies to the police," she said.
He was then sacked for breaching confidentiality with his "damaging and derogatory" remarks and for having recorded conversations with his line manager.
Although there is some confidentiality with respect to the protected lists, I'm sure clubs would look for a way to make trades".
"We're bound by guest-bartender confidentiality, which is the most primal, serious form, more serious than confidentiality with your lawyer or your priest.
Dr. Colfax said, "You have to balance confidentiality with the fact that nobody in San Francisco should be walking around with a viral load of 100,000".
He subsequently wrote about why he identified a confidential source: "When we accept off-the-record briefings, we enter into a contract of confidentiality with the source and we therefore publish in good faith.
By the end of the day, the secular credibility of Father Towle's account was backed by another source who also enjoyed a special relationship of confidentiality with Mr. Fornes: his former lawyer, Stanley Cohen.
There may be a case for openness about personal taxes, but HMRC appears to be planning to dispense with the long tradition of confidentiality with barely a word of debate.
