A trade-off that generates a high Nervous, low Confident behavioral phenotype, however, is not without potential long-term fitness costs.
If more nervous, less confident behavioral phenotypes have reduced behavioral activity budgets, this may facilitate the allocation of milk energy preferentially to growth, particularly for sons.
In our context, however, we can be confident about the behavioral validity of the survey measures, because the particular set of questions has reliably predicted actual risk taking behavior in a large-scale, incentive compatible lottery experiment with real money at stake (Dohmen et al. 2011).
Because pediatric providers are experienced in providing anticipatory guidance for many behaviors, it is possible that they are confident in providing counseling to address behavioral risk factors for oral health, particularly consumption of sweetened beverages, the most common of the behavioral risk factors found in this study and a primary target for obesity counseling.
The behavioral trait adjectives of confident, bold, active, curious, and playful that together manifest as the factor "Confident," are a priori expected to be sensitive to energy balance.
Colonel Williams initially appears confident as he meets an officer from a behavioral science unit in an interrogation room at an Ottawa police station.
"We therefore conclude that parents can feel confident using, and health professionals can feel confident offering, behavioral techniques such as controlled comforting and camping out for managing infant sleep".
A learning environment must be created in which participants feel comfortable and confident in their ability to achieve success through increased knowledge and appropriate behavioral change.
Although our results are not in accordance with previous neurophysiological studies on the effect of attention on contrast response functions, we feel confident about the validity of our results that were obtained with 2 different behavioral tasks.
Only "Confident" and "Nervous" temperament factor z-scores are considered here because they reflected behavioral phenotypes previously associated with cortisol in milk; they also had the lowest correlation with one another among the temperament factors (r = −0.5).
The factors of Nervous and Confident are consistent, though not identical, with the bold shy construct that is common in behavioral ecology and animal behavior (Réale et al. 2007; Smith and Blumstein 2008).
