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This research estimated a model of how a student's behavior, both in and out of the classroom, affects his/her success in calculus whereby success was defined as a multi-faceted construct comprised of Enjoyment, Confidence, Mindset, and Achievement.
Previous work in this area has defined success singularly in terms of grades or persistence; however, these definitions are somewhat limiting and neglect the possible mediating effects of affective constructs like confidence, mindset, and enjoyment on the aforementioned markers of success.
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Big moment, big game, but he had the sheer confidence and mindset that he would score – which he did.
Specifically, we will consider confidence, enjoyment, mindset, and achievement.
36.1% of the variation in Achievement was accounted for by Difficulty, HelpSeeking, Homework, Confidence, and Mindset.
28.2% of the variation in Enjoyment was accounted for by Difficulty, HelpSeeking, Confidence, and Mindset.
With each new triumph, the strenuous challenges gave us a newfound confidence and mindset that the seemingly impossible was possible.
In fact, we see that both Confidence and MindSet have direct paths to Enjoyment, with no direct paths originating from Enjoyment.
It would seem that those experiencing difficulty in class would be less likely to be enjoying the course, but that insinuation is only evidenced in an indirect effect (through Confidence and Mindset) in this model.
Make confidence a mindset that is the go-to for your child.
Enjoyment had no effect on Mindset, Confidence, or Achievement.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com