This nanoscale size generally confers larger surface areas to nanoparticles (NPs) compared with macro-sized particles [4].
Mr. Edwards, for all of his legal skills, was able to amass $30 million in net worth partly because juries became more willing to confer large personal-injury verdicts.
Taxes on fuel at the pump in Britain and Germany are more than six times those in America, but levels of car ownership are only slightly lower and might be similar if public transport in Europe were as bad and commuting distances as long as they are on the other side of the Atlantic.For all the problems they bring, cars also confer large social and economic benefits.
Killing historically conferred large fitness benefits: preventing premature death, removing cost-inflicting rivals, gaining resources, aborting rivals' prenatal offspring, eliminating stepchildren, and winnowing future competitors of one's children.
As expected, given that large populations have increased access to beneficial mutations conferring large benefits, we found that large populations adapted faster than small ones in the simple environment (t11 = −3.40, 2-tailed P = 0.0059).
However, as GWAS are conducted using commercial genotyping arrays designed to tag common variants, these studies are underpowered to identify low frequency risk variants even if these variants confer large (2.0) relative risks [6].
Small populations are thought to be adaptively handicapped, not only because they suffer more from deleterious mutations but also because they have limited access to new beneficial mutations, particularly those conferring large benefits.
Second, large populations have increased access to mutations that confer large benefits.
(A ) The fitness model demonstrated that interactions conferring large benefit to at least one partner could lead to ratio convergence.
The first expectation is that interactions conferring large fitness benefits to at least one partner (, and ) can potentially result in ratio convergence.
