Bifidobacteria have attracted significant scientific and commercial interest due to their purported health-promoting or probiotic effects conferred to their (human) host, such as strengthening/maintenance of the intestinal barrier, modulation of the immune system, and pathogen exclusion [ 3, 4].
This would confer to compounds such as Navitoclax or ABT-199 a therapeutic window where they could have anti-metastatic potential.
It follows that environmental fluctuations may promote the evolution of mechanisms that confer robustness to such fluctuations.
Furthermore, cisplatin-induced secondary mutations in the tumors of BRCA1 mutation carriers have been shown to confer resistance to such a platinum-based drug [ 11, 44].
Moreover, cisplatin-induced secondary mutations in the tumors of BRCA1 mutation carriers have been shown to confer resistance to such a platinum-based drug [ 11].
The identification of components acting in auxin signaling provided insights into principles that might confer specificity to such hormonal responses, but additional reports demonstrated that less specific cellular processes contribute to the orchestration of auxin effects as well (Dhonukshe et al., 2008; Kitakura et al., 2011; Korbei et al., 2013; Rosado et al., 2010, 2012; Wang et al., 2013a).
Here, anti-EpCAM was grafted onto the SiNS as the capture agent, conferring specificity to such a cell-affinity assay for recognizing CTCs and resulting in improved cell-capture affinity compared with that of an unstructured (i.e., flat silicon) substrate.
The production of pathogen-resistant transgenic plants has been achieved by this method; certain genes are inserted into the plant's genome that confer resistance to such pathogens as viruses, fungi, and insects.
The t-butyl moiety of the pivaloyl group sterically shields the carbonyl moiety from nucleophilic attack and confers stability to such esters.
However, additional mechanisms are likely associated with the cells in the swarm state that confer elevated resistance to such a broad spectrum of antimicrobial agents.
