These observations imply that the low-frequency exchanges observed at intermediate repeats in the wild-type line may be sufficient to confer the low nucleotide substitution rate observed generally in the Arabidopsis mitochondrial genome.
The activation of Rac1 and Rac2 requires the phosphorylation of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), which promote the exchange of GDP for GTP and confer the active state to this group of GTPases.
Fortunately ligands are essentially fungible and can be exchanged at various times to confer the desired properties to the particle.
Furthermore, domain exchange experiments indicated that the ability to activate a target gene was not conferred by exchange of the basic-helix loop helix sequences previously implicated in DNA-basic-helix loop helix1996).
In heart, gap junctions (GJs) serve as intercellular communication channels to confer direct ion exchange and synchronization of electrical excitation between adjacent myocytes, thus allowing rhythmic coordinated myocardium contraction.
Rather, he argued, an emolument was "a benefit that was conferred in exchange" for something, like a quid quo pro — I'll rent your hotel room if you sign this treaty.
The EFA-6/EFA6 protein family is conserved from yeast to mammals, and is defined by its Sec7 domain, which confers guanine exchange factor (GEF) activity for Arf6 GTPases (Franco et al., 1999).
In conversation with one of Lafayette's officers sent to confer on prisoner exchanges, Arnold is said to have asked what would happen to him should he be captured.
In contrast to EF-Tu, for which GDP exchange to GTP is conferred by the guanine nucleotide exchange factor EF-Ts off the ribosome, the guanine nucleotide exchange factor for RF3 is the ribosome in complex with a class-1 RF (Zavialov et al., 2001).
Conclusions: These data suggest that cardioprotection conferred by the Na+/H+ exchange inhibitor cariporide is additive to that of ischemic preconditioning and might effectively contribute to improve donor heart preservation during cardiac transplantation.
