However, considering the fact that mutations were found only in the tumour samples and not in the corresponding noncancerous samples, we cannot exclude the possibility that this mutation confers advantages upon these cancer cells under selective pressure.
Systemic regulation, done right, should not confer advantages.
SIZE does not necessarily confer advantages when the economy is struggling.
Nor does being a school board member automatically confer advantages in dealing with school personnel.
Geographic clusters confer advantages to collocated firms, in particular access to local know-how.
Particular coloration can confer advantages in specific conditions.
Nonetheless, selective pressure by antibiotics on the microbiomes of animal and human, and their associated environments (especially farms and healthcare institutions), sewage systems and soil are likely to confer survival advantages upon bacteria with antimicrobial-resistance genes, which may be further disseminated through plasmids or transposons with integrons.
Multiple genes, which confer selective advantage upon cancer cells such as tumor suppressors, adhesion molecules, inhibitors of angiogenesis and repair enzymes are silenced.
This mode sees the player fight off alien craft while picking up as many "power-ups" (items which confer some advantage upon the player, such as temporary invulnerability and upgraded weaponry) as is possible.
Therefore, the ability to down-modulate virulence factor expression must confer some advantage upon the bacterium, which is supported by the fact that Tohama I, with its low sensitivity to modulators, is the exception among B. pertussis.
