Numerical inversion of the measured cumulative capillary rise data using the HYDRUS-1D program were applied to estimate the saturated hydraulic conductivities of the aggregates, Ks,aggr, and their coatings, Ks,coat.
In previous experimental studies concerning the influence of graphite on the electrical conductivity of a bulk aggregate, the graphite was prepared from graphite powders (Watson et al. 2010; Zhang and Yoshino 2017) and by coating a carbon film using a carbon coater (Yoshino and Noritake 2011).
Non-aggregated nanoparticles improve electrical conductivity of the ion-exchange materials, the aggregates are barriers against fouling.
In addition, the thermal conductivity of the EGCs containing lightweight aggregates were significantly (38 49%) lower than that of the EGC containing normal weight micro-silica sand, resulting in an end-product that is greener, lighter, and provides better thermal insulation than ECC.
Thermal conductivity of coarse aggregate, cement mortar as well as concrete were measured by means of a guarded hot plate apparatus and/or a transient plane source.
According to Holm and Bremner (2000), the thermal conductivity of structural lightweight aggregate concrete, with an average density of approximately 1850 kg/m3, typically ranges from 0.58 to 0.86 W/(m · K).
where ka is the thermal conductivity of aggregates which is estimated by the Bruggeman model for spherical particles [26]: (3).
where σ b is the bulk aggregate conductivity, F the fluid volume fraction, and σ f the conductivity of the fluid is larger than that of the solid, with a maximum conductivity of 10−4 S.m−1 for serpentinites (Reynard, et al. 2011).
Fitting the observed molar conductivity we have calculated the dissociation constant of the aggregates as well as the aggregation number.
