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The quality of the jet-bed interaction associated with each experiment was characterized using a conductive probe method, which uses the measured electrical conductance of the bed.
conductive probe atomic force microscopy.
By means of conductive probe atomic force microscopy (CP-AFM), we characterize at room temperature CNTs by electrical imaging in order to measure their local resistance.
The piezoresponse images were routinely obtained with an ac voltage of 0.15-0.3 V rms at 6.5-25 6.5-25plied to a conductive probe (ATEC-EFM, Nanosensors).
During the recording process, a conductive probe where an external field is applied is brought in contact with the ferroelectric medium whose polarization can be switched according to the direction of the applied field.
The basic principle behind these techniques [5] is applying a direct current (DC) bias between the conductive probe and the sample to facilitate the recording of variations in the electrostatic force between the probe and sample.
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The electroanalytical methods use electrically conductive probes, called electrodes, to make electrical contact with the analyte solution.
The CP-AFM (conductive probe-AFM) imaging studies confirm that the ultrathin, uniform insulating poly phenylene oxide) (PPO) layer homogeneously coats the FTO nanoelectrodes.
Silicon and silicon nitride metal-coated cantilevers have been in use for a long time in several scanning probe microscopy applications that require electrically conductive probes.
Schematic AFM setup is shown in Figure 2. In both measurements diamond-coated conductive probes made of silicon were used, the contact interaction force being in the range 100-500 nN.
We used two types of commercial conductive probes: (i) N-doped silicon probes coated with a P-doped diamond layer and (ii) Pt/Ir coated Si probes, both of them with a nominal k spring constant in the range 1 to 5 N/m («Veeco Probes» manufacturer, USA).
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