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Independently of their sharp line shape, these discrete levels behave as resonances in the system allowing the conduction of electrons at these energies, as it is shown in the corresponding conductance curves of Figure2b.
That is the conduction of electrons or holes directly through the surface states.
This excitation is due to induced electromagnetic field among nanoparticles by collective oscillation and conduction of electrons [20].
This could involve the conversion of lepidocrocite to magnetite and subsequent coupling of pyrolusite reduction to aqueous Fe(II) oxidation by conduction of electrons through magnetite particles.
The electrical resistance shows a T−1/4 temperature dependence, which implies that the conduction of electrons is dominated by 3D Mott variable range hopping.
When the gates of such devices are polarized with a sufficient bias voltage while the other terminals are grounded, tunnel conduction of electrons through the thin oxide layer is allowed.
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This is an indication of surface plasmon resonance which is the collective oscillation of the conduction of electron in resonance with light due to electron conferment in nZVMn.
the first valence subband of heavy hole to the first conduction subband of electrons.
The Rashba- and Dresselhaus-induced CPGE spectra are quite similar with each other during the spectral region corresponding to the transition of the excitonic state 1H1E (the first valence subband of heavy hole to the first conduction subband of electrons).
Considering the similarity in the conduction mechanism of electrons in GZO and ITO, the grain boundary (GB) and ionized impurity scattering processes can be considered the two dominant mechanisms, limiting electron transport in nc-GZO films, as in the case of ITO, where other scattering mechanisms such as lattice vibrations and neutral impurity scattering may typically be neglected [10].
We separate the CPGE spectra induced by Rashba and Dresselhaus spin splitting, respectively, and we find that the Rashba- and Dresselhaus-induced CPGE spectra are quite similar with each other during the spectral region corresponding to the transition of the excitonic state 1H1E (the first valence subband of heavy hole to the first conduction subband of electrons).
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