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Fast axonal conduction of action potentials in mammals relies on myelin insulation.
Myelination is a vertebrate adaptation that enables rapid conduction of action potentials without a commensurate increase in axon diameter.
Part 1 Cellular physiology: cellular membranes and transmembrane transport of solutes and water ionic equilibria and resting membrane potentials generation and conduction of action potentials synaptic transmission membrane receptors, second messengers and signal transduction pathways.
Voltage-dependent sodium channels are responsible for the generation and conduction of action potentials in the membranes of excitable cells.
The presence of myelin sheath and its discontinuities, the nodes of Ranvier, allows saltatory conduction of action potential.
That is, on trials with long RTs, the BOLD response in white matter is delayed relative to trials with short RTs, presumably because processes supported by white matter (e.g., conduction of action potentials along corticospinal pathways) initiate later in time.
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Temperature changes induce electrolyte shifts and thus influence the depolarization and repolarization times and the conduction velocity of action potentials within the myocardium, promoting aberrant conduction pathways.
Compared to static culture, 2-week dynamic culture of neonatal rat cardiobundles significantly increased expression of sarcomeric proteins, cardiomyocyte size (∼2.1-fold), contractile force (∼3.5-fold), and conduction velocity of action potentials (∼1.4-fold).
Futhermore, the EHT is useful in reproducing the effects of stresses and pharmacological agents on conduction velocity of action potentials, in a similar way to the whole heart.
This increases the conduction speed of action potentials [ 31].
While such a solution can effectively decrease path length within the neocortex, the increased lengths of the axons will lead to increased conduction times of action potentials.
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