Conducting extinction treatment in multiple contexts was expected to attenuate the renewal effect.
Using self-reported expectancy of shock and startle blink responses the current study examined the effects of conducting extinction treatment in multiple contexts on ABC fear renewal.
ABC renewal is clinically more relevant than ABA renewal and yet it is a weaker form of renewal, suggesting that conducting extinction treatment in multiple contexts may be sufficient to attenuate ABC renewal.
Similarly, conducting extinction learning in multiple contexts enhanced generalisation of the extinction effect (Glautier & Elgueta, 2009; Gunther, Denniston, & Miller, 1998).
After instrumental training was completed, a Pavlovian-instrumental transfer (PIT) probe test (Figure 1A, right) was conducted under extinction conditions such that AL and IL responses had no programmed consequences.
Devaluation was conducted in extinction to control for additional reinforcement learning.
As the PIT test is conducted in extinction, stimuli arguably bias choice by interacting with knowledge of the response outcome contingencies established in the acquisition stage.
Moreover, high response rates to the EF compound were observed in the rats from the NP transfer group in the test phase, which was conducted under extinction (see Fig. 3), so that reinforcement could not serve as a cue for responding.
Although extensive studies have been conducted on fear extinction and the possible contribution of NMDAR to consolidating fear extinction memory [14], [15], [16], there are still some important but unclear points that need to be investigated.
In this investigation, a systematic study has been conducted on the extinction of mixtures of methanol, ethanol, n-heptane, and iso-octane with air.
