A population-level assessment estimated that Avahan averted over 100,000 HIV infections in India from 2003 to 2008 [ 39], and a more recent study suggests that infections averted are linked to large increases in condom use since implementation of Avahan [ 40].
Other scholars have noted a bias in favour of biomedical research rather than an investment into socio-cultural studies that re-examine sexuality and gender relations to better implementation of condom programming [ 40, 62].
Efforts so far have focused mainly on providing ongoing services at health facilities (e.g., for VCT), social marketing (e.g., condoms), and community-based implementation focused on a single disease (e.g., bed net provision and safe water).
The American government gave about half of the average amount of European countries: between 200 and 400 US$ per million dollars of GNI [ 49]. Figure 2 shows that, Europe shows a similar decrease in the share of funding to implementation of integrated condom programming as the USA: the share of funding to integrated condom programming by Europe decreased from 79%to23%3% between 2000 and 2008.
For example, the user may ask: "Does religion have an influence on the implementation of a condom distribution program?
After implementation of Thailand's 100% Condom Use Programme, condom usage among FSWs increased from 14%to94%4% [ 5].
Questions related to implementation, such as how condoms were distributed, who distributed condoms, where they were distributed, duration of the program, types of social marketing, who delivered messages, additional services provided, etc., were beyond the scope of this review.
Between the 1991 implementation of the 100% condom campaign and 1995, HIV prevalence decreased significantly in Thai military conscripts (10 ).
Condom use by MSM increased markedly after implementation of Avahan, though a causal association cannot be assessed with the available data.
To determine whether adolescents' normative beliefs about abstinence and condoms, their personal risk perception, and safer sex practices changed after the implementation of a peer sexual health education intervention implemented in Zambian secondary schools.
IMB constructs were assessed among 250 male truck drivers immediately prior to and following implementation of the intervention, and sexual and condom use behaviors were assessed approximately 10 months later.
