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It also stands to reason that Plato gradually widened the scope of his investigations by reflecting not only on the social and political conditions of morality, but also on the logical, epistemological, and metaphysical presuppositions of a successful moral theory.
The existence of God and the immortality of the soul can thus be "postulated" as rational conditions of morality, even though they cannot be proved theoretically.
It is not enough that one's actions merely conform to the strictures of conventional morality — a trained animal might well fulfill such minimal conditions of morality.
We can now see how Kant thinks that our aesthetic experiences and judgments can bridge the gulf between our abstract, intellectual understanding of the requirements and conditions of morality and a palpable, sensuous representation of those requirements and conditions.
But then the hypothetical judgment is really epiphenomenal with respect to the justification and we are left with (iii), the justice view: one has obligations in virtue of occupying a role if and only if one's filling that role and the institution in which one would be filling that role meet certain conditions of morality or justice.
These six links between aesthetics and morality satisfy the four conditions that need to be met in order to bridge the gulf between nature and freedom by making our abstract grasp of the contents and conditions of morality palpable to our sensuous nature.
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It is a short but significant step from postulating the existence of God as a condition of morality to regarding the idea of God as a "projection" of human concerns.
Recall that it is one thing to model the metaphysics of morality or the truth conditions of moral statements and another to give an account of moral reasoning.
Under such conditions standards of morality often become blurred, and Martin may have felt that if he didn't go along with the culture of harassment; he would be perceived as weak and unworthy of belonging to "the club".
Frans de Waal takes this position when he argues that empathy and reciprocity are necessary conditions for morality, and that many species demonstrate primitive versions of these requirements.
All of these together constitute the conditions of the possibility of morality.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com