Although BiP is constitutively expressed under normal growth conditions, expression of some BiP genes is triggered in response to ER stress conditions arising from increased levels of unfolded or abnormal proteins due to high temperature exposure or treatment with the reducing agent, dithiothreitol (DTT) or an inhibitor of protein glycosylation (tunicamycin) [ 49- 51].
Among 36 OsARM genes expressing differentially under abiotic stress conditions, expression pattern of eight significant candidate genes was validated experimentally, employing quantitative real-time RT PCR.
For given experimental conditions expression success is determined in part by protein primary sequence.
Under identical conditions, expression of bovine CH3 resulted consistently in the highest yields of properly folded/oxidized protein.
To overcome this issue, one has to go through a vigorous optimization process which includes cultivation temperature and conditions, expression using different E. coli expression hosts, co-expression with molecular chaperones, folding modulators and fusion partner proteins.
During batch fermentation under controlled microaeration conditions, expression of the NADH oxidase under the control of a yeast promoter lead to large decreases in the intracellular NADH concentration (five-fold) and NADH/NAD+ ratio (six-fold).
Many of these carbohydrate-active enzymes from filamentous fungi contain both N-linked and O-linked glycosylation, the extent and heterogeneity of which depends on growth conditions, expression host, and the presence of glycan trimming enzymes in the secretome, all of which in turn impact enzyme activity.
Under both conditions, expression of the phaZ gene was significantly higher in the wild-type than in the mutant.
Under abiotic stress conditions, expression of many genes is induced, and their products have important roles in stress responses and tolerance.
In these conditions, expression of all three MKK pairs permitted efficient wound closure in LT-treated cells (Figure 5A).
In contrast, under 20% O2 conditions, expression of HIF-1α was not affected by knockdown of either MIF or TRX (Fig. 4A and B, right panel).
