Changes in salinity conditions confound the relationships between temperature, acidity, and oxygen levels of an aquatic system and create complex maintenance problems that require constant attention if sensitive fishes and other organisms are to be kept in a healthy state.
Such a condition, confounding the results of cross sectional studies is the non-thyroidal illness syndrome.
The lower power under impact conditions is confounded by the DIF contamination conditions.
However, the spatial distribution of habitat types (a proxy for soil moisture and nutrient conditions) confound this observation, with higher densities of sugar maple generally located on stands with less nutrient-rich habitat types.
Ultimately, variations in human genotype and environmental experience, which are not found in inbred mouse strains housed under controlled conditions, confound results and potentially mask differences in B lymphopoiesis due to aging.
In the Fujioka et al. study, however, unfortunately the conditions are confounded, and therefore any differences in auditory evoked latencies could be attributed to significant differences in the spectral center of gravity.
As described above, differences between verbal and nonverbal conditions are confounded by stimulus differences.
Additional analyses were conducted to control for the possibility that trait emotion regulation tendencies could impact on participants' adherence to the experimental instructions and that the conditions were confounded by differential reappraisal effort.
However, the direct measurement of ICl.PKA from cardiac cells and of its modulation of action potentials under physiological recording conditions is confounded by a lack of potent and selective pharmacological CFTR inhibitors [2].
Thus, associated comorbid conditions may confound the role of anemia as a risk factor.
First, we examined whether mothers' pregnancy medical conditions might confound the relationship between urinary DAP concentrations and birth outcomes.
