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The IFIs are notorious for their "conditionalities" that make borrowers sign up to austerity and structural adjustment programmes that have had questionable outcomes on growth and equality in the region.
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In any case, it does not seem excessive to comment on the late appearance of the phenomenon of conditionality in the EU's external trade, bearing in mind that the first text that made an appraisal of the overall problem dates from 1995.
He never learned to tame his impulsiveness and learn the protracted arts of tip-toeing through a minefield of different agendas in governmental or opposition coalitions with checks and balances and vexed conditionalities that, without goodwill, made any progress impossible.
There are some conditionalities that still have to be looked at.
Debtors unable to pay are bound by "conditionalities" that include a forced sell-off of national assets to private investors in order to service their loans.
Moreover, development cooperation still suffers from inadequate coordination, high and often unnecessary transaction costs, and conditionalities that can be counterproductive.
Conditionality that targets incentives to fit goals of the leadership can work.
Indeed the only conditionality that has actually worked in Europe is I.M.F.
This was to be expected, as this reflects a more recent trend of conditionality that has been subsequently introduced by public medical schools and scholarship foundations.
Aid carries with it the poison pill of conditionality that forces the opening of the markets to privatisation of state assets, and the straitjacket of monetarist policies.
Aid in Africa has spawned crippling amounts of corruption because weak conditionalities make donor money easy to steal.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com