As with TMS, an important empirical question is when to deliver tDCS in relation to a task of interest, i.e., online: concurrently with the task or offline: pre-task (at rest).
CONCLUSIONS: Over the course of sleep deprivation, these results indicate that rTMS applied concurrently with WM task performance affected neural circuitry involved in WM to prevent its full impact.
A large diameter target counting (vigilance) task (LDT counting task) was performed concurrently with stereoscopic SL task [10].
Physically demanding work that is performed concurrently with a cognitive task may impact mental workload by impairing mental processing or decreasing performance.
Andrews et al. found tentative evidence to suggest that DLPFC tDCS applied concurrently with a cognitive task may provide more robust effects on subsequent working memory performance that stimulation during rest.
Under certain circumstances children with attentional problems (including those with ADHD) benefit from, rather than being distracted by, background task-irrelevant noise presented concurrently with a target task.
Mildly to moderately affected Parkinsonian patients (n=15) and controls (n=15) performed the Corsi blocks task concurrently with tasks designed to load on the visuo-spatial sketch pad (spatial tapping) or the central executive (random interval repetition).
Also a study showed that bilateral AIC and rostral ACC were amongst brain areas showing a significant response to errors on a numerical Stroop-type task, and were also activated by sympathetic arousal, indexed by pupillometry measures taken concurrently with task performance.
Generally speaking, presenting information on the GG concurrently with the search task induced costs to RT performance.
The remainder of the taxonomy expands to facilitate assessment of the allocation of resources necessary for a second action to be produced concurrently with the first task.
The second, When to stimulate, considers whether tDCS delivered before language rehabilitation (offline) or concurrently with the language task (online) may be most effective.
