Thus, MMN for abstract rule violations seems to involve a similar network as MMN for concrete rule violations.
However, frontal (e.g. frontal operculum and inferior frontal gyrus) and sometimes parietal (e.g. inferior and posterior parietal cortical areas) contributions to MMN elicited by concrete rule violations have been reported in several EEG[30], [31], fMRI[32] [34], event-related optical imaging[35], PET[36], and patient[37], [38] studies.
The two-tier pricing system, he said, "is a concrete, documented exploitation and violation and we now need a commitment to heal the breach".
In a column in the Wall Street Journal García-Margallo also wrote: "The dumping of concrete blocks constitutes a violation of the most basic rules of environmental conservation.
Unfounded accusations aside, one company did say it would fire several workers for another violation: pouring concrete into part of a centrally located sidewalk and drawing outlines of bricks rather than putting down the real thing.
The MMN is not restricted to simple oddball deviance and can also be evoked by more complex violations of concrete or abstract rules [35].
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI [25] and magneto-encephalographic (MEG [26] research controlling for refractoriness revealed that MMN for violations of concrete rules is also localized in auditory cortex.
MMN can be elicited by violations of concrete rules defined on the frequency or location dimensions when neural refractoriness is controlled for[24].
"This violation is a concrete indication of Russia's acts aiming to escalate problems, despite the clear warning by our country and by Nato," Turkey's foreign ministry said.
The UNFPA and UNICEF Executive Directors noted that if the political will expressed in the General Assembly resolution is translated into concrete investments, FGM/C – a serious violation of the rights of girls and women – could become a vestige of the past.
