When done automatically, BETA uses the B-method's gluing invariant to find the relationship between abstract variables and concrete variables.
Compared to existing research, the present study has unique significance in terms of research methods, for it adopted the way of matching the separate datasets considering logical and concrete variables of individuals.
In addition, estimation of the likely impacts of various activity system policies (e.g., flexitime, extended hours of service facilities) is beyond the realm of the present models, which means that separate understandings have to be built on various episodes affecting travel behaviour and made into concrete variables for the transport modelling process.
While responses to individual items are observable and concrete variables, the concepts they purport to assess when combined are abstract or latent variables, socalled "constructs" [ 2].
According to this model, Adoption Behavior (AB) and Behavior Intention (BI) are a function of five concrete variables: Perceived Usefulness (PU), Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU), Subjective Norm (SN), Computer Self-Efficacy (CE) and Security and Privacy (SP).
A fatigue model for plain concrete under variable amplitude loading is proposed by unifying the concepts of damage mechanics and fracture mechanics through an energy equivalence, in conjunction with the principles of dimensional analysis and self-similarity.
One way was by using fundamentals that compared a stock's price with concrete financial variables such as earnings and book value.
In this study, a waterborne abrasion over a large area of the test slab was developed to investigate the influence of surface cracks on the abrasion erosion resistance of concretes, with variable surface crack type and silica fume content.
For concrete the nonlinear variable confinement model of Madas and Elnashai (1992) with Martinez-Rueda (Martinez-Rueda and Elnashai 1997) cyclic rules was used.
Four composite girder specimens made of different types of concrete and having variable slab continuity were tested to failure under monotonic loading simulating negative moment.
