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The natural process of chloride ingress in concrete takes long time.
Concrete shrinkage may pose a concern for concrete-filled FRP tubes (CFFTs), as in these members the curing of concrete takes place inside the FRP tube.
The adopted interfacial behaviour, between the FRP materials and concrete, takes into account the effect of mixed mode behaviour on the displacement fields at the critical diagonal cracks (CDC).
The experimental challenge lies in the fact that this monitoring must be fully automatic since the earliest age because the hardening process of the concrete takes place continuously over a period counted in hours and even in days after the casting time.
Because of this, cracks are also developed at the ends of column and later on spalling of concrete takes place near the top of column.
Consequently, concrete takes several days, or sometimes several months, to reach its ultimate strength (Gutteridge and Dalziel 1990; Topçu and Uygunoğlu 2007).
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They characterized samples of Roman concrete taken from a breakwater in Pozzuoli Bay, near Naples, Italy.
Mineral admixtures are important for modern concrete, taking great influence on concrete rheology.
At the moment, Hawkinson is working on his most ambitious work to date: an 80-ton, 40-foot-high figure of a crudely sculptured boy made from massive chunks of concrete taken from a freeway ramp.
"He was cleaning windows when he lost his balance and fell three metres onto concrete taking the full impact on his heels.
The purpose of this study is to develop a mathematical model for the estimation of diffusivity of concrete taking into consideration various factors and carbonation process.
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