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The sand coating was included in calculating d b since it affects the concrete surface area in contact with the bar.
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Such a trend is associated with land conversion into concrete surface in surrounding areas and reduction in vegetation cover.
The study suggests RAC and HESC are beneficial for concrete elements with larger surface area to depth ratio, like road pavements, floorings, reinforced concrete slabs, and precast elements.
Cleaning the concrete grouting from the surface area where GFRP plates will be adhered is very significant for providing adherence between the adhesive and the concrete.
The failure surface area of concrete is actually a function of the edge distance ( c_{1} ) and depth of failure ( l_{f} ).
Unlike recycled coarse aggregates, RCF is seldom used to replace sands in concrete due to its high surface area and attached old mortar on the surface of RCF.
A porous bamboo layer protects the building's concrete core; the bamboo's high surface area and cell-like pockets circulate trade winds and deflect heat.
The location of the pool was adjusted based on the effective area of the concrete surface.
Silica fume reduces the workability of fresh concrete due to its very specific surface area.
Given that powders provide by far highest percentage of specific surface area in a concrete mix, their packing behavior and water demand is of vital interest for the design of concrete.
Each MODOEK chamber was split belowground into two 1.5-m deep concrete-walled lysimeter compartments with a surface area of 3 m.
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