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The endurance of a high-speed railway asphalt concrete reinforced trackbed is improved through the use of various percentages of Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) slag to replace the coarse natural gravel aggregate of asphalt concrete (replacement rate is 0%, 25 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100respectively).
The actions have included training employees in concrete replacement and "managing passenger movement" in emergencies as well as buying vacuum trains to "suck up anything that can cause a fire and remove steel dust," Albert O'Leary, a New York City Transit spokesman, said last week.
In the latter case, some suitable concrete replacement for mathematical objects is provided.
Such a position would be satisfactory only to the extent that a suitable concrete replacement theory to Newton's theory is developed; Mach never offered such a theory, but recently more progress has been made.
Based on the analysis, the treatment methods of the weak rock masses and discontinuities are carefully determined, including the concrete cushion, concrete replacement grids, and consolidation grouting.
Geopolymer concrete technology involves production of more environmentally friendly waste material-based concrete which could be a viable solution for conventional concrete replacement.
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The results show that the effect of the FRP-RA on the mentioned mechanical properties depends on the concrete strength, replacement ratio and the gradation-size of the NAs replaced.
For concrete production, replacement levels of 5%and15%5% of MK or SF by the weight of cement were assigned.
The investigated parameters are SiO2, Al2O3, kaolinite, and alunite contents, fineness of mineral admixture, age of concrete, and replacement level.
The preset findings revealed that the benefit of concrete cover replacement prior to repair with CFRP composites was limited.
Recycled aggregate concretes, particularly those made with crushed concrete in replacement of the natural coarse aggregate, have been increasingly used in the last decades.
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