To be concrete, the probability of binding k1 is calculated as 1 - e G (that of unbinding is k2 = 1 - k1), where G (< 0) is the minimal additive score of complementary base-pair matches in the alignment of the two dangling ends without gaps.
The most common strategy to obtain a concrete system of probability logic is to start with a classical (propositional/modal/etc). system of logic and to "probabilify" it in one way or another, by adding probabilistic features to it.
This paper specifically deals with the design of various reinforced concrete members for given probability of failure levels.
This is attributed to the increased probability of concrete crushing at high stress levels that results in faster degradation of the lateral strength.
On the condition that the reinforcement ratio is constant, reducing the diameter and increasing the number of bars increased the probability of concrete cover separation.
The effects of maintenance strategies on the cumulative density function of the structural seismic damage and spalling probability of concrete cover are assessed directly instead of reanalyzing deterioration using the finite difference method, while considering the modified structural state created by implementation of the maintenance strategies.
To be more concrete, I model the probability of becoming a high-growth firm (the propensity score) as follows: begin{aligned} Pr left( { HGF}_{i,0} = 1 right) = Phi left[ h y_{i,-1},X_{i,-1}) righ y_{i,-1}igned} (3)(Phi (cdot )) refers to the normal cumulative distribution function.
Using this expression in Eq. (5), we arrive at (6) p (W ¯ (1 ) > d ∣ a > c, b > d ) = 2 θ − θ 2. Strikingly, this only depends on θ, and is independent of the concrete choice of the probability density function f(x).
Only one participant in the current study stated a concrete perceived recurrence risk probability at 50%-60 50%-60we found that most participants perceived recurrence risk to be high enough to feel hesitant about a second pregnancy.
