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We draw on the idea of cognitive hierarchies, i.e., the notion that concrete preferences and attitudes are embedded in networks of more abstract beliefs and values, and explore if willingness to pay (WTP) as expressed through contingent valuation can be understood as part of such hierarchies.
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Sometimes, we find decision situations in which it is difficult to express some preferences by means of concrete preference degrees.
Results showed that all living roofs were preferred over the concrete roof; however preferences differed according to vegetation characteristics.
In line with his preference for concrete philosophy that speaks in ordinary language, Marcel begins many of his philosophical essays with an observation about life.
Eighty-seven % of the physicians interviewed, before a concrete alternative, gave their preference to umbilical cord stem cells rather than to hESC.
About 60% of respondents in this study preferred to indicate treatment preferences in broad rather than concrete terms.
According to his nominalistic preferences, they are concrete physical objects.
Modern readers, inheriting the same preference for the concrete, are likely to favor the Inferno, the canticle that most satisfies that taste.
The ranking shows that given a general selection of passive fire protection by stakeholders having equal weights, there is a stronger preference for the concrete encasement of steel.
We hypothesized that this distinction between abstract and concrete framing would lead to different explanatory preferences; namely, a stronger preference for biological explanations in the abstract and more reluctance to accept biological explanations for concrete cases.
Figure 10 Practitioner's preferences for quantity takeoff of concrete for slab placement.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com