Suggestions(1)
Exact(19)
Consider any two concrete individuals, such as you and I.
Some concrete individuals — those traditionally (mis- categorized as contingent beings — are only contingently concrete.
Concrete individuals are not constituents of the contents of the latter.
According to Russell, most thoughts that seem prima facie to be about concrete individuals are in fact not singular thoughts but generally quantified propositions.
Laws of one kind may apply nicely to systems, phenomena or events purely of one kind, but such things are not concrete individuals in the real world.
First, many of the insights of the theory of direct reference have been extended from thoughts about concrete individuals to thoughts about natural kinds by Kripke (1972) and Putnam (1974).
Similar(41)
History encompasses not only concrete individual developments and concepts of individuality, but also encompasses the "universal".
On the Fregean view, a thought or belief can be about a concrete individual (its reference), but what matters to the individuation (or the identity) of the thought's content is not the reference of the singular term, but the sense or mode of presentation of the reference, i.e., something abstract.
These relata may be understood in at least four different ways: as concrete individual objects, as qualitative observations of concrete individual objects, as abstract representations of individual objects, or as universal properties of objects.
But in elaborating his logic he emphatically rejects anything which is not concrete, individual, located in space and time.
On the one hand, Ava's belief seems to be a singular belief about a concrete individual.
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com